How can you tell if your acne is hormonal?

Hormonal acne in adult women differs from juvenile acne in several specific characteristics. Unlike adolescent acne, which is often characterized by comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) and purulent lesions, hormonal acne is primarily inflammatory. It manifests as papules (red spots) and pustules (pimples with pus), with few or no comedones. This form of acne is often more persistent and can last for several years, affecting not only the appearance of the skin but also self-confidence. Hormonal acne tends to be concentrated in certain specific areas of the face: Lower face: including the chin, jawline, and neck. These areas are particularly sensitive to hormonal fluctuations. T-zone: including the forehead, nose, and chin. This area is often prone to excessive sebum production, which can lead to oily skin and clogged pores.

Unlike teenage acne, which can be episodic and linked to temporary hormonal flare-ups, hormonal acne in adults is often persistent. It can be triggered by a variety of factors, including hormonal fluctuations, stress, and certain diets.

Contributing Factors to Hormonal Acne

Several factors can contribute to the onset of hormonal acne, whether exogenous (external) or endogenous (internal). Here are the main ones:

Life Events

Natural hormonal fluctuations play a crucial role in the onset of hormonal acne:

• Menstrual Cycle: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly the increase in androgens (male hormones) before menstruation, can cause acne breakouts. These androgens stimulate sebum production, which can clog pores and promote bacterial growth.
  
  
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can trigger or worsen acne. Progesterone, an essential hormone during pregnancy, can increase sebum production and make skin oilier.
  
  
• Postpartum: After childbirth, hormone levels fluctuate significantly, which can lead to acne breakouts. The sudden drop in pregnancy hormones can unbalance the skin and cause inflammation.
  
  
• Menopause: The decrease in estrogen (female hormones) and the relative increase in androgens during menopause can promote the development of acne. This hormonal imbalance can lead to overproduction of sebum and oily skin, which is conducive to acne.
  
  

Diet

Certain foods can influence hormonal balance and contribute to hormonal acne. For example, a diet high in refined sugars, dairy products, or high-glycemic foods can increase the production of insulin and androgen hormones, promoting acne. Processed foods high in saturated fat can also worsen skin inflammation and trigger acne breakouts.

Heredity

Genetic predisposition also plays a significant role. If members of your family have suffered from hormonal acne, you are more likely to be affected. Genes can influence your skin's sensitivity to androgen hormones, increasing the risk of acne. Additionally, some people may have a naturally higher production of sebum, which can contribute to the development of acne.

Causes of Hormonal Acne

Hormonal acne occurs primarily in adults due to hormonal fluctuations or imbalances. Several hormones play a key role in the development of this form of acne:

Androgens

Androgens are hormones that stimulate the growth of sebaceous glands, the small glands located under the skin that produce sebum, an oily substance. Sebum is essential for moisturizing and protecting the skin, but excess sebum can clog pores and promote bacterial growth, leading to acne. High androgen levels can lead to excessive sebum production, making skin oily and prone to blemishes.

Estrogen

Estrogen indirectly modulates the growth of sebaceous glands and regulates their function. They play a crucial role in hormonal balance. When androgen levels increase while estrogen levels remain low, this imbalance can lead to overproduction of sebum and, consequently, the appearance of acne. This phenomenon is particularly observed during menstruation, when hormonal fluctuations are more pronounced. If this imbalance becomes permanent, acne can become chronic.

Progesterone

Progesterone is another female hormone that can influence the appearance of acne. When progesterone levels are too low compared to estrogen, this can also cause acne breakouts. Progesterone helps regulate the menstrual cycle and plays a role in preparing the endometrium for a possible pregnancy. An imbalance between progesterone and estrogen can therefore disrupt the skin and promote acne.

Formation of Hormonal Acne Pimples

Hormonal acne is influenced by hormonal fluctuations in the body. Here are the main phenomena that occur in the sebaceous gland:

Hyperseborrhea

Hyperseborrhea is excessive sebum production, often due to excess hormones, particularly androgens. Sometimes, the sebaceous glands themselves are more sensitive to androgens due to genetic factors. This overproduction of sebum can clog skin pores, creating an environment conducive to the formation of acne. Oily, clogged skin is more likely to develop pimples and blackheads.

Hyperkeratinization

Hyperkeratinization is an abnormal thickening of the top layer of the skin (the epidermis) due to an excessive buildup of keratin. This thickening can lead to sebaceous retention, meaning that excess sebum cannot drain normally and remains trapped in the pores. The quality of the sebum also plays a role. If the sebum becomes more viscous, it drains even less easily, thus worsening the retention.

Inflammation and Bacterial Growth

The bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (or Cutibacterium acnes) proliferates in follicles clogged with sebum. This bacterium thrives particularly well in comedones (blackheads) and microcysts (small cysts under the skin). Bacterial growth triggers an inflammatory reaction, resulting in pustules (pus-filled pimples), redness, and pain. Skin inflammation can also lead to lasting scars and marks if not treated properly.

How to soothe hormonal acne?

A well-thought-out skincare routine can make a big difference in managing hormonal acne. Here are the key steps to soothe and control this form of acne:

1. Gentle and effective exfoliation

Use a charcoal exfoliating powder to deeply purify the skin without irritating it. Activated charcoal is known for its detoxifying properties and can help remove toxins and unwanted particles from the skin. Regular exfoliation promotes cell renewal and helps prevent clogged pores.

2. Daily Cleansing

Cleanse your skin once a day, preferably in the evening, to limit reactive sebum production. Over-cleansing can stimulate sebum production and worsen acne. In the morning, use a toner to awaken your skin without weakening it. This step refreshes and tones the skin without damaging it.

3. Targeted Anti-Blemish Treatment

Apply our targeted treatment topically, containing tea tree, crajiru, and green clay essential oils, to treat blemishes. Tea tree is known for its antibacterial properties, while crajiru and green clay help purify and dry out spots. These natural ingredients can help reduce skin inflammation and prevent new blemishes from forming.

4. Protection and Hydration

Use the Nohèm mattifying fluid to protect the skin and strengthen its natural defenses. This type of product helps maintain a balanced and matte complexion throughout the day. Also, choose a suitable moisturizer that will provide continuous hydration.

Additional Tips for Managing Hormonal Acne

Avoid Stress

Stress can worsen skin problems by increasing androgen production and stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. For better stress management, practice breathing exercises such as cardiac coherence and engage in regular physical activity. These practices promote daily relaxation and can help reduce skin inflammation.

Endocrinological Assessment

In cases of severe hormonal acne, consult an endocrinologist to rule out other causes. This specialist in hormonal disorders is particularly involved in cases of thyroid imbalance and reproductive system abnormalities. Through a comprehensive hormonal assessment, the endocrinologist will be able to determine if your acne is related to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is common in young women, and ensure there is no risk of diabetes.

Treat the intestinal microbiota

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the human body's metabolism and can affect organs if it becomes unbalanced. As the skin is the body's largest organ, it's essential to care for and nourish your microbiota through diet and the right probiotics and prebiotics for your needs. A diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables can help maintain a balanced gut microbiota and reduce skin inflammation.

Hormonal acne, often referred to as late-onset acne, is a complex condition that can be difficult to manage. By understanding the contributing factors and adopting a tailored skincare routine, you can soothe and control this form of acne. Remember that every skin is unique, and it may be necessary to adjust your routine based on your specific needs. By incorporating these tips, you can achieve healthier, more balanced skin and improve your self-confidence.